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S2 (loud)

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Loud second heart sounds can be loud A2 or a loud P2.

  • loud A2 occurs in systemic hypertension where there is a dilated proximal aorta

  • a loud P2 is heard in pulmonary hypertension

  • a loud P2 occurs in an atrial septal defect without pulmonary hypertension. This is caused by a sharp rise and fall of pulmonary arterial pressure

  • in thin-chested people with a forward projecting aorta

Reference:

  • Kirby B (1993).Clinical examination of the heart. Medicine International, 21(8), 294-99.

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