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Staging of breast carcinoma

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

There have been many systems proposed for the staging of breast carcinoma. All are anatomical systems giving a guide to prognosis. The prognosis has a direct influence on management.

There are several problems with the staging systems:

  • clinical assessment of size of primary and nodal disease is inaccurate
  • pathological data of greater accuracy is only available after surgery

Some commonly used staging systems are detailed in the submenu:

  • Manchester system
  • TNM system

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