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Aetiology of acute cholecystitis

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Biliary obstruction in acute cholangitis is frequently caused by choledocholithiasis. Other causes of acute cholangitis include:

  • benign biliary stricture
  • congenital factors
  • post-operative factors (damaged bile duct, strictured choledojejunostomy, etc.)
  • inflammatory factors (oriental cholangitis, etc.)
  • malignant occlusion - bile duct tumor, gallbladder tumor, ampullary tumor, pancreatic tumor
  • duodenal tumor
  • pancreatitis
  • entry of parasites into the bile ducts
  • external pressure
  • fibrosis of the papilla
  • deuodenal diverticulum
  • blood clot
  • sump syndrome after biliary enteric anastomosis
  • iatrogenic factors
    • acute cholangitis may occur as a result of biliary interventions such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and the use of biliary stents

Note:

  • an increase in incidence is reported in malignant disease, sclerosing cholangitis, and non-surgical instrumentation of the biliary tract as causes of acute cholangitis (1)

Reference:

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